Types Of Hernia Repair Surgery
This treatment option varies depending on the type of hernia and the severity of the injury. For example, open hernia repair requires opening up the body and pushing the hernia back into place. Laparoscopic hernia repair uses smaller incisions paired with a tube to insert repair tools carefully.
With new advances in technology, robotic laparoscopic surgery is now available here in Tennessee. These procedures are far less invasive than open surgery, allowing the patient to recover in less time.
Risk And Complications Associated With Abdominal Wall Hernias
There is one main risk associated with abdominal wall hernias: strangulation. Strangulation is when the organ is cut off and loses blood. The severity of the strangulation depends on how long ago has the hernia developed and the size and location of the hernia. Some types of hernias, such as inguinal and femoral, are more prone to strangulation. Larger hernias that manage to push their way through small openings are also more likely to result in strangulation.
There is also only one main complication associated with abdominal wall hernias: operative complications. Operative complications are the result of complications that arise during or after having the hernia removed. Generally, the complications are treatable and not long lasting. However, if a second hernia develops and is operated on, it increases the chances of further recurring hernias. Added complications from surgery are the urinary difficulties, infection, bruising of the scrotum , fluid build-up in the scrotum and, in very rare cases, testicular damage.
Lower Stomach & Groin Pain
Lower abdominal and groin pain can occur with many medical conditions. Possible culprits include a variety of disorders involving the digestive, musculoskeletal, reproductive and urinary systems. Some of these conditions are common while others are relatively rare — and some are more serious than others. Accompanying signs and symptoms, and the timing, nature, progression and duration of the pain help narrow the list of possibilities, along with a thorough physical examination. Blood and imaging tests may be needed to determine the cause of lower abdominal and groin pain.
If you are experiencing serious medical symptoms, seek emergency treatment immediately.
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What Nonsurgical Treatments Are Available For An Abdominal Hernia
If an inguinal or umbilical hernia is small and does not cause symptoms, a watchful waiting approach may be reasonable. Routine follow-up may be all that is needed, especially if the hernia does not grow in size. However, if the hernia does grow or if there is concern about potential incarceration, then surgery may be recommended. Patients who are at high risk for surgery and anesthesia may be offered a watch and wait approach.
Trusses, corsets, or binders can hold hernias in place by placing pressure on the skin and abdominal wall. These are temporary approaches and potentially can cause skin damage or breakdown, and infection because of rubbing and chafing. They are often used in older or debilitated patients when the hernia defect is very large and there is an increased risk of complications should they undergo surgery.
Unless the defect is large, umbilical hernias in children tend to resolve on their own by 1 year of age. Surgery may be considered if the hernia is still present at age 3 or 4, or if the defect in the umbilicus is large.
Hiatal hernias by themselves do not cause symptoms. Instead it is the acid reflux that causes gastroesophageal reflux disease . Treatment is aimed at decreasing acid production in the stomach and preventing acid from entering the esophagus. For more, please refer to the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease article.
The More Common Hernia
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The majority of hiatal hernias are asymptomatic, and most patients with hiatal hernias would not even know they have one since they feel well, says Dr. Sanagapalli.
The main significance of hiatal hernias is that they predispose to developing GERD by disrupting and weakening the anti-reflux barrier between the lower esophagus and stomach.
Therefore, the most common symptoms in patients with a hiatal hernia are heartburn and regurgitation of acidic fluid. Sometimes, chest pain can be a manifestation of GERD in these patients.
If youve been diagnosed with a hiatal hernia and are experiencing recurring pain in the upper right region of your abdomen, this may very well be another and unrelated condition, such as gallstones.
Dont just assume its from the hiatal hernia. Have your doctor order tests to investigate possible causes.
Dr. Sanagapalliis a gastroenterologist and director of the Esophageal Disorders Center at St Vincents Hospital, Darlinghurst. He performs diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic procedures, and enjoys providing comprehensive and holistic care to patients with a wide variety of disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract.
Lorra Garrick has been covering medical, fitness and cybersecurity topics for many years, having written thousands of articles for print magazines and websites, including as a ghostwriter. Shes also a former ACE-certified personal trainer.
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How To Tell If You Have A Hernia
Wondering if the aching in your belly or groin could be a hernia? Hernias are common in both men and women, but symptoms vary. Groin hernias are much less common in women. Hernias may cause some form of discomfort and dont go away on their own, says Gina Adrales, M.D., M.P.H., director of the Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery at Johns Hopkins Medicine.
The good news? Nearly all hernias can be surgically repaired. Adrales explains how to recognize hernia signs in men and women, the most common types, and what surgery and recovery are like.
What Can Be Expected Following Surgical Treatment For A Hernia
After surgery, you will be given instructions. These include what diet to follow, how to care for the incision site, and how to take care to avoid physical strain. Hernias may recur regardless of the repair operations. This is sometimes caused by inherent tissue weakness or protracted healing. Smoking and obesity are also major risk factors for hernia recurrence.
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What Are The Different Types Of Abdominal Hernias
Hernias of the abdominal and pelvic floor
- Inguinal hernias are the most common of the abdominal hernias. The inguinal canal is an opening that allows the spermatic cord and testicle to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum as the fetus develops and matures. After the testicle descends, the opening is supposed to close tightly, but sometimes the muscles that attach to the pelvis leave a weakened area. If later in life there is a stress placed on that area, the weakened tissues can allow a portion of small bowel or omentum to slide through that opening, causing pain and producing a bulge. Inguinal hernias are less likely to occur in women because there is no need for an opening in the inguinal canal to allow for the migration and descent of testicles.
- A femoral hernia may occur through the opening in the floor of the abdomen where there is space for the femoral artery and vein to pass from the abdomen into the upper leg. Because of their wider bone structure, femoral hernias tend to occur more frequently in women.
- Obturator hernias are the least common hernia of the pelvic floor. These are mostly found in women who have had multiple pregnancies or who have lost significant weight. The hernia occurs through the obturator canal, another connection of the abdominal cavity to the leg, and contains the obturator artery, vein, and nerve.
Hernias of the anterior abdominal wall
Hernias of the diaphragm
Causes Of Pulled Abdominal Muscles
Most of the reasons for stomach muscle pain involve stretching, pulling, or tearing a muscle in your abdomen.
Doctors from the Summit Medical Group say that pulled abdominal muscles are commonly the result of over-straining your abs when incorrectly lifting heavy objects or twisting awkwardly. However, hard coughing or sneezing have also been known to result in mild abdominal muscle strain.4
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Hernias May Create A Visible Bulge
The most common and the most noticeable symptom of a hernia is a visible bulge below the surface of your skin. When internal organs begin to poke through the abdominal wall, they can create a lump thats visible from the outside.
The location of the bulge varies depending on the type of hernia you have.;
Inguinal hernias and femoral hernias may cause a bulge to form on one side of your pubic bone, where your groin and thigh meet. Hiatal hernia could create a bulge near the upper abdomen, while umbilical hernias cause the bulge to develop near your belly button.
A bulge caused by a hernia is generally most visible when youre standing upright. Its generally soft and it can be pushed around. Hernia bulges may disappear when you lie down.
Hernia Obstruction And Strangulation
Except in the case of umbilical hernias which are present at birth and usually disappear by age 3 or 4 hernias dont go away on their own.
If left untreated, its common for a hernia to get bigger and more painful. And the longer you have a hernia, the greater your risk of developing complications.
There are two main complications that can develop in untreated hernias: obstruction and strangulation.
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What Are The Causes Of Groin Pain
You are more likely to suffer from a groin pain when you are performing a high-speed leg movement. Sudden, twisting movements or change in direction, such as a quick turn can sometimes overstretch or tear one of the groin muscles or tendons.;
Other factors that can contribute to pulled groins are- hip muscle strength, condition, flexibility, and other previous injuries.
Hernia Faq: How To Relieve Hernia Pain
The majority of inguinal hernias occur in males, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 7:1. Although the incidence of femoral hernias is higher in women than men, with a ratio of 1.8:1, inguinal hernias are the most common groin hernias irrespective of gender. Incisional hernias are also twice as common in women.
The most troublesome or unsafe entanglement of hernia is the obstructed inguinal hernia. The greater part of the distinctive sorts of hernias has comfortable and basic surgeries though obstructed inguinal hernia is the most complex with significant dangers. This obstructed inguinal hernia is the sort of hernia which cant be disregarded and needs quick surgery.
Recognizing this scenario is very important to immediately proceed with general anesthesia and surgical consultation for successful nonoperative hernia reduction and colonoscope removal. We recommend reattempting colonoscopy after surgical hernia repair or proceed with computed tomography colonography if appropriate for the indication.
HERNIA & ACUTE ABDOMEN MCQs. 11. The following statement is/are true concerning neurovascular structures in the inguinal region. a. The inferior epigastric artery and vein run upward in the preperitoneal fat posterior to the transversalis fascia close to the lateral margin of the internal inguinal ring. b.
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Can Hernias Be Prevented
There is not much that can be done to prevent a hernia. When the abdominal wall becomes damaged or develops weak spots, a hernia commonly occurs. However, if you wish to lower the chances of developing hernia by reducing strain on your abdominal wall, there are a few lifestyle changes and techniques that can be helpful.
- Exercise regularly
How Do Health Care Professionals Diagnose Abdominal Hernias
For inguinal hernias, most patients notice a feeling of fullness or a lump in the groin area with pain and burning. Physical examination can usually confirm the diagnosis. Femoral or obturator hernias are more difficult to appreciate and symptoms of recurrent inguinal or pelvic pain without obvious physical findings may require a CT scan to reveal the diagnosis. Umbilical hernias are much easier to locate with the bulging of the belly button.
Hernias that are incarcerated or strangulated present a greater challenge since the potential complication of dead bowel increases the urgency. The health care professional seeks clues of obstruction, including a history of pain, nausea, vomiting, or fever. During a physical examination, a doctor may often discover that a patient has a markedly tender abdomen. These hernias are often exquisitely tender and firm. The exam may be enough to suspect incarceration or strangulation and require immediate consultation with a surgeon. Doctors may use X-rays or CT scans to confirm the diagnosis, depending upon the clinical situation.
Doctors may be able to diagnose hiatal hernias associated with GERD by learning a patient’s medical history during his or her physical exam. A chest X-ray can reveal part of the stomach within the chest. If there is concern about complications including esophageal inflammation , ulcers, or bleeding, a gastroenterologist may need to perform an endoscopy.
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Signs And Symptoms Of A Hernia
You can have a hernia without experiencing any pain. One of the first signs that people may notice is a bulge appearing in the affected area. It may only appear when you perform an action like coughing or jumping. The bulge may disappear when you lie down. Other symptoms of a hernia can include:
- Shooting pain
You can determine the type of hernia you have based on where it forms.
Inguinal hernia
Inguinal hernias result from a small part of the bowel pushing through the abdominal wall into the groin area. An inguinal hernia may also contain part of the intestine.
There are two different types of inguinal hernias:
- Direct: A direct inguinal hernia results from a weak spot developing in the lower muscles of your belly
- Indirect: Indirect inguinal hernias occur when the inguinal canal, which is an opening in the abdominal wall, does not close properly before you are born
Femoral hernia
Femoral hernias appear in the upper part of the thigh, around your groin area. Its often caused by the bowel pushing through a tear or other weakness in the abdomen. This hernia form can prevent blood from making its way to the herniated bowel.
Umbilical hernia
Umbilical hernias develop around the belly button in babies. They form when part of the intestine loop pushes through a small opening in a fetus abdominal muscle, called the umbilical ring. Most umbilical hernias close naturally by the time a child reaches the age of five.
Incisional hernia
Epigastric hernia
Treatment Of Groin Pain
After the diagnosis of groin pain, the doctor prescribes taking proper rest along with applying ice and compression wraps. To curb the pain and inflammation, he/she may also prescribe some anti-inflammatory medicines.;
Some cases of groin pain are severe. Hence, as soon as you recover, consult with a physical therapist who can recommend exercises to strengthen the abdominal and thigh muscles.;
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How Do I Relax My Diaphragm Spasms
Raise the arm corresponding to the side of the pain and place that hand on the back of your head. Hold it for 30 to 60 seconds to allow knots to loosen. You can even continue exercising while holding the stretch. Additionally, you can apply pressure with your hand to the pain point and bend backward and forward slowly.
Does A Hernia Affect Your Stomach
In a hiatal hernia, part of the upper stomach comes through an opening in your diaphragm, or chest wall. This hernia can cause acid to leak from your stomach into your esophagus. The esophagus is a tube that connects your throat to your stomach. Effects of hiatal hernias include heartburn, indigestion, and acid reflux.
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What Types Of Medical Professionals Treat And Repair Hernias
Most often, primary care providers are the first to diagnose and treat a hernia. For hiatal hernias, usually medical, not surgical, care is needed and controlling the symptoms of GERD is the primary goal. Occasionally, a gastroenterologist will be involved in the care to assess the severity of GERD. Some hiatal hernias do require surgery and a general surgeon and/or a thoracic surgeon performs the operation, depending upon the location of the organs in the stomach or chest and the size of the defect in the diaphragm.
While primary care providers make the diagnosis of an abdominal wall hernia, it is the general surgeon who performs the operation and repairs the hernia.
When a hernia becomes incarcerated, often the patient goes to the emergency department and the doctor there makes the diagnosis and sometimes can push the hernia back into place . If the hernia is reduced, referral as an outpatient to a general surgeon may be an option. If the hernia remains trapped or if there is concern that the hernia is strangulated, an immediate consultation with a surgeon is required.
Hernias in the neonatal period are often recognized by the pediatrician or family doctor in the delivery suite or the newborn nursery. A pediatric surgeon may be consulted for their evaluation.
What Are The Symptoms Of A Hernia
A hernia in the abdomen or groin can produce a noticeable lump or bulge that can be pushed back in, or that can disappear when lying down. Laughing, crying, coughing, straining during a bowel movement, or physical activity may make the lump reappear after it has been pushed in. More symptoms of a hernia include:
- Swelling or bulge in the groin or scrotum .
- Increased pain at the site of the bulge.
- Pain while lifting.
- Increase in the bulge size over time.
- A dull aching sensation.
- A sense of feeling full or signs of bowel obstruction.
In the case of hiatal hernias there are no bulges on the outside of the body. Instead, symptoms may include heartburn, indigestion, difficulty swallowing, frequent regurgitation and chest pain.
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